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Wednesday, 19 December 2018
Tuesday, 18 December 2018
How to do ctrl+f in selenium
There are various ways to press keys in selenium like by using Keys class in send keys or using action class to press keys or using Robot class to simulate key press.
Lets see how we can do this using action class in selenium.
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Z_Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body"));
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(ele,Keys.chord("f")).keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform();
Note: There are bugs which are still open for some browser version where Keys.chord does not work in that case you will have to use robot class to simulate key presses.
Lets see how we can do this using action class in selenium.
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Z_Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body"));
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(ele,Keys.chord("f")).keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform();
Note: There are bugs which are still open for some browser version where Keys.chord does not work in that case you will have to use robot class to simulate key presses.
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How to do browser settings using selenium
We can do browser specific setting in selenium using ProfileIni, FirefoxProfile and FirefoxOptions class if we want it for firefox.
>To specify download folder we can specify folder dir.
FirefoxProfile prof = new FirefoxProfile();
prof.setPreference("browser.download.folderList",2);
prof.setPreference("browser.download.dir", "C:\\GAURAV\\Downloads\\");
FirefoxOptions option = new FirefoxOptions();
option.setProfile(prof);
>To add home page we can specify browser.startup.homepage attribute
FirefoxProfile prof = new FirefoxProfile();
prof.setPreference("browser.startup.homepage", "https://www.kiet.edu/");
FirefoxOptions option = new FirefoxOptions();
option.setProfile(prof);
>For localisation we can specify language code
FirefoxProfile prof = new FirefoxProfile();
prof.setPreference("intl.accept_languages", "hin");
>For creating customized profile first press win+r and give firefox.exe -p , it is going to launch a popup where you have to click on create new (suppose you give name of new profile as 'Custom') and then click on start firefox. Now you have to do settings which you want to have in your browser and close the browser, and then you can call this in your code.
ProfilesIni profile = new ProfilesIni();
FirefoxProfile myprofile = profile.getProfile("Custom");
FirefoxOptions option = new FirefoxOptions();
option.setProfile(myprofile);
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(option);
If we want to perform browser settings in chrome then we can achive it using hashmap and chrome options class.
For details refer this video
>To specify download folder we can specify folder dir.
FirefoxProfile prof = new FirefoxProfile();
prof.setPreference("browser.download.folderList",2);
prof.setPreference("browser.download.dir", "C:\\GAURAV\\Downloads\\");
FirefoxOptions option = new FirefoxOptions();
option.setProfile(prof);
>To add home page we can specify browser.startup.homepage attribute
FirefoxProfile prof = new FirefoxProfile();
prof.setPreference("browser.startup.homepage", "https://www.kiet.edu/");
FirefoxOptions option = new FirefoxOptions();
option.setProfile(prof);
>For localisation we can specify language code
FirefoxProfile prof = new FirefoxProfile();
prof.setPreference("intl.accept_languages", "hin");
>For creating customized profile first press win+r and give firefox.exe -p , it is going to launch a popup where you have to click on create new (suppose you give name of new profile as 'Custom') and then click on start firefox. Now you have to do settings which you want to have in your browser and close the browser, and then you can call this in your code.
ProfilesIni profile = new ProfilesIni();
FirefoxProfile myprofile = profile.getProfile("Custom");
FirefoxOptions option = new FirefoxOptions();
option.setProfile(myprofile);
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(option);
If we want to perform browser settings in chrome then we can achive it using hashmap and chrome options class.
Reference Links:
https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome/trunk/src/chrome/common/pref_names.cc?view=markup
http://kb.mozillazine.org/About:config_entries
https://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/
https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/chrome/common/pref_names.cc
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38335671/selenium-chrome-where-can-i-find-a-list-of-all-available-chromeoption-arguments
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Thursday, 13 December 2018
Selenium Interview Questions
Explain
the Selenium Architecture
There are four levels the way selenium works,
There are four levels the way selenium works,
First layer is LANGUAGE BINDINGS and
it can be any language like JAVA, C#, Python, Ruby etc.
Second layer is WEBDRIVER API, the
corresponding java code issues command to webdriver api,
In Third layer webdriver api talks to
webrowser driver (web browser driver can be any driver chrome driver, Firefox
driver) in common json wire protocol, the wire protocol is basically a RESTful
web service over HTTP, implemented in request/response pairs of “commands” and
“responses”. So, we can send HTTP requests, such as, GET, POST, PUT etc. to the
driver server.
In Fourth layer these driver servers perform
the commands over actual browser.
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Difference
between Selenium-IDE & Selenium RC, WebDriver
Selenium comes in the package of
three i.e. Selenium IDE, Webdriver/RC & Grid. Selenium IDE is just a record
and playback utility. In selenium RC we must launch a separate application called
selenium remote control server which acts as a middleman between you and browser.
When selenium server is started it injects java script program called selenium
core in browser (like SAHI tool does, if you have worked with SAHI Pro). Once
injected selenium core receives instruction from selenium RC server and
executes them as JavaScript commands on browser. Webdriver on the other hand
takes native support of browser to perform automation. Webdriver is faster than
selenium RC as it talks directly to browser. Selenium RC has in built support
for reporting while in webdriver you must manage it by yourself.
Just draw backs of webdriver is it
does not support new browsers and automatically does not generate results.
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Draw the flow chart to show how selenium RC server works
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Page Load timeout: We can set the amount of time to wait for a page load to complete before throwing an error.
e.g. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Once added in the script, the WebDriver instance waits for 20 seconds for every page to get loaded before throwing an exception. If the page is not loaded in 20 seconds of time, then it throws TimedOutException at run time.
Script timeout : We can set the amount of time to wait for an asynchronous script to finish execution before throwing any error.
e.g. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Once added in the script, the WebDriver instance waits for 20 seconds for every asynchronous script to get executed on the web page before throwing an exception.
If the timeout is negative, then the script will be allowed to run indefinitely.
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How to handle drop down in Selenium?
Using Select class we can handle dropdown in Selenium.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Draw the flow chart to show how selenium RC server works
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Difference
between WebDriver driver = new Firefox Driver() and FirefoxDriver driver = new
FirefoxDriver() or
Why we upcast a browser driver class object to WebDriver type?
Why we upcast a browser driver class object to WebDriver type?
WebDriver
Interface is super interface (Not super most) of every browser driver
classes like ChromeDriver , FirefoxDriver etc. and as per java concept, a
super class/interface reference can hold a its sub class object but
vice versa is not possible.
We can write like FirefoxDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver() but suppose new browser comes in picture then in that case we will have to declare new reference variable to new browser class.
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driver.navigate().to(""):
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We can write like FirefoxDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver() but suppose new browser comes in picture then in that case we will have to declare new reference variable to new browser class.
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Difference
between get (), navigate().to()
driver.get()
1. Waits till complete page loads.
2. cannot move forward & backward
in the browser.
driver.navigate().to(""):
1. Will not wait until the page
loads, you can feel this experience only if page takes time to load, like more
number of images or ajax calls etc.
2. can move forward & backward in
the browser.
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What
is API , where it is being used
An API is an interface your
application library is exposed to another application/library to take advantage
of your functionality. Software programs talk to each other using api.
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Difference
between quit () & close()
webDriver.Close(): Close the browser
window that the driver has focus on
webDriver.Quit(): Calls Dispose (), Closes all browser windows and safely ends the session
webDriver.Dispose(): This is webdriver's internal method. Closes all
browser windows and safely ends the session
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There is no native support in selenium to minimize the browser, but we can set position in such a way that it is minimized like this:
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How to maximize & minimize the browser
driver.manage().window().maximize(); //to maximize browser but taskbar will be visible
driver.manager().window().fullscree(); //to make the browser full screen and even taskbar will not be visible.
driver.manager().window().fullscree(); //to make the browser full screen and even taskbar will not be visible.
There is no native support in selenium to minimize the browser, but we can set position in such a way that it is minimized like this:
driver.manage().window().setPosition(new
Point(-2000, 0));
To set any size of the browser :
1> Make the browser of that size
2> Presss cntrl+Shift+J to open its java script console
3> fire java script commands like window.outerHeight or window.outerWidth to see the height and width on browser console.
4> Now u can give same position like
driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(pt1,pt2));
To set any size of the browser :
1> Make the browser of that size
2> Presss cntrl+Shift+J to open its java script console
3> fire java script commands like window.outerHeight or window.outerWidth to see the height and width on browser console.
4> Now u can give same position like
driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(pt1,pt2));
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Which
wait statement will be used to wait till page load ?
Is Webdriver interface or Class ?
Consider the statement like WebDriver
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
WebDriver is an public interface, we
just define a reference variable i.e. driver whose type is interface. Now any
object we assign to it must be an instance of class i.e. Firefox Class which implements
that interface.
We can write like FirefoxDriver
driver = new FirefoxDriver (); , but in
that case suppose we need to use another browser then we will have to create
another object variable for that browser, so it’s better to write like
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver().
So,
the question comes why do we need
interface in case of Selenium webdriver? If we look at selenium
architecture
then we can see that selenium talks to browser in their native language,
so
suppose webdriver is made as a class file and all the methods are defined
to test an application using that browser (keep this point in mind that
every browser can have different way of handling popup, frames etc.),so
by
the time I finish up and plan for releasing in the market a newer
version of
browser might come and will spoil all the efforts and this is for one
browser I
might have to write method definitions for all the browsers.
So, a better way can be I write an
interface and send it to all browser companies to take care of my abstract
methods and provide implementation inside Webdriver that would be a most convenient
option.
That’s where you have separate class files for
FirefoxDriver, ChromeDriver etc. and these will implement the abstract methods
of WebDriver interface in their way.
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What is Super interface for WebDriver ?
An interface is a guarantee that a
class will implement it. When an interface is implemented then it becomes super
interface of what extended or implemented it.
If class C implements interface B,
and interface B extends interface A, then A is a Super interface to B and B is
a Super interface for C.
Now if we look at webdriver’s
architecture SearchContext is the superinterface and it has two abstract methods findelement and findelements.
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What
is WebElement & explain all the methods available in WebElement ?
WebElement
is a html element, html
documents are written in start and end tag and the content is in between.
Some of
the methods of WebElement are click, clear, equals, findelement,
findelements,getAttribute, getCSSValue,getLocation, getScreenShotAs etc.
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How
many locators are available in Webdriver & which locator is preferred ?
There are 8 locators in selenium i.e.
id, name, className, tagName, linkText, partiallinktext, cssSelector and xpath
. Out of these, Id is the fastest but we cannot get id for each and every
element.
Between CSS and Xpath if we compare CSS
is faster and readable but backward traversing and forward traversing can’t be
done with it also older browser does not support all features of CSS.
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How
to check whether object is available in GUI ?
WebDriver facilitates
the user with the methods like isDisplayed(), isSelected() & isEnabled() ,to check the visibility of the web
elements. These web elements can be buttons, drop boxes, checkboxes, radio
buttons, labels etc.
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How
to check the text from the UI ?
driver.getPageSource().contains("Text
which you looking for");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("")).getText();
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How
to capture color, font–size etc properties of the Element ?
We will have to fetch css value for example
We will have to fetch css value for example
driver.findElement(By.xpath()).getCssValue("color")
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How
to get the Location of the Webelement ?
WebElement Image =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//img[@border='0']"));
Point pt = Image.getLocation();
int xcordi = pt.getX();
int ycordi = pt.getY();
Here WebElement is an interface and Point is a JavaClass.
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Here WebElement is an interface and Point is a JavaClass.
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How
to check whether object is selected or not ?
driver.findElement(By.id("26110162")).isSelected(); OR driver.findElement(By.id("26110162")).getAttribute("checked")
== true
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How
to check whether object is enabled in GUI?
driver.findElement(By.id("")).isEnabled();
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How
to delete All Cookies?
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("_ut");
or driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
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Do
we use any constructor in webdriver ?
We use constructors in our framework.
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How
to compare Image in selenium ?
We can compare images using some third party tools like Sikuli, Ashot,
image comparison jar etc.
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How
to get the WebElement height & width ?
WebElement ele =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//img[@id='hplogo']"));
Dimension d = ele.getSize();
System.out.println(d.height);
System.out.println(d.getWidth());
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What
is Synchronization?
Synchronization is a mechanism which
involves more than one component to work parallel with each other.
Generally in test automation we have
two components
1>AUT
2>Test Automation Tool
Both these components have their own speed. AUT will have its own processing speed and automation tool will have its own execution speed. We should write our scripts in such a way that both the components should move with same and desired speed, so that we will not encounter "Element Not Found" errors which will consume time again in debugging.
Both these components have their own speed. AUT will have its own processing speed and automation tool will have its own execution speed. We should write our scripts in such a way that both the components should move with same and desired speed, so that we will not encounter "Element Not Found" errors which will consume time again in debugging.
Synchronization can be classified
into two categories:
1. Unconditional --- Wait(), Thread.Sleep()
2. Conditional Synchronization --- Explicit Wait,
Implicit wait, fluent wait
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How
to handle Synchronization wait available in Webdriver ?
Can be handled with explicit or
implicit wait
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driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(100,Seconds);
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How
to handle dynamic object ?
Using relative xpath
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An implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time(the implicit wait polling time is around 250 milli seconds) when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the WebDriver object instance.
So, in a way, you can call it a global wait.
To use implicit wait, you need to type the following line in your code.
WARNING: Sometimes mixing implicit and explicit waits can cause unpredictable wait times. For example setting an implicit wait of 10 seconds and an explicit wait of 15 seconds, could cause a timeout to occur after 20 seconds.Remember implicit wait it has to be used just once in your code.
The limitation of implicit wait is the fact that it only checks for the presence of web elements. To tackle with the shortcomings of Implicit Wait you can make use of Explicit Wait.
//......................................................................................................................................................//
We can achieve same fluent wait effect using this Explicit wait, just pass sleep time as well in argument.It will act as polling time of fluent wait.
Visit: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48336948/how-to-use-built-in-expectedconditions-with-fluentwait
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Difference
between thread wait , implicitly wait , explicitly wait ?
Thread.Sleep() is hard coded wait, we
should avoid it as much as possible in automation.
An implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time(the implicit wait polling time is around 250 milli seconds) when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the WebDriver object instance.
So, in a way, you can call it a global wait.
To use implicit wait, you need to type the following line in your code.
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading");
WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id("myDynamicElement"));
The limitation of implicit wait is the fact that it only checks for the presence of web elements. To tackle with the shortcomings of Implicit Wait you can make use of Explicit Wait.
With Explicit wait command in
Selenium Webdriver, you can layer your waiting period with certain conditions.
Until those conditions are met, the waiting will keep happening, and the
control will not go to the next statement.
There is this ‘ExpectedConditions’
class which retains some predefined conditions that you can use to guarantee a
proper waiting duration until your element is loaded. That way you can handle
the individual element loading issues.
We should use explicit wait where
websites make use of Ajax to load dynamic info.
WebDriverWait wait = new
WebDriverWait(WebDriver driver, long timeOutInSeconds);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath(“xpathInfo”));
//......................................................................................................................................................//
We can achieve same fluent wait effect using this Explicit wait, just pass sleep time as well in argument.It will act as polling time of fluent wait.
Visit: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48336948/how-to-use-built-in-expectedconditions-with-fluentwait
//......................................................................................................................................................//
Fluent Wait is similar to Explicit
Wait only difference being, it lets you create your own conditions, unlike
Explicit Wait that used to come with its own predefined conditions.
It implements Wait Interface.Here we
have a concept called polling, which is nothing but a repetitive visitation of
your condition to ensure whether it is met or not.
--The main difference between explicit
wait and fluent wait is that you can Ignore specific types of exception
while waiting such as NoSuchElementExceptions while searching for an
element on the page.
--A Function is a generic interface which asks you to implement apply or equals method
--A Function is a generic interface which asks you to implement apply or equals method
Page Load timeout: We can set the amount of time to wait for a page load to complete before throwing an error.
e.g. driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Once added in the script, the WebDriver instance waits for 20 seconds for every page to get loaded before throwing an exception. If the page is not loaded in 20 seconds of time, then it throws TimedOutException at run time.
Script timeout : We can set the amount of time to wait for an asynchronous script to finish execution before throwing any error.
e.g. driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Once added in the script, the WebDriver instance waits for 20 seconds for every asynchronous script to get executed on the web page before throwing an exception.
If the timeout is negative, then the script will be allowed to run indefinitely.
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How to handle drop down in Selenium?
Select oSelect = new
Select(driver.findElement(By.id("yy_date_8")));
oSelect.selectByVisibleText("xza");
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List
out all methods available in Select class
deselectByIndex(int index)
deselectByValue(java.lang.String value)
deselectByVisibleText(java.lang.String text)
getAllSelectedOptions()
getFirstSelectedOption()
getOptions()
isMultiple()
selectByIndex(int index)
selectByValue(java.lang.String value)
selectByVisibleText(java.lang.String text)
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How
to capture all the value from the dropdown
WebElement selectElement =
driver.findElement(By.id("s");
Select select = new
Select(selectElement);
List<WebElement> allOptions =
select.getOptions();
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How
to capture only Selected value from the dropdown
Select sel = new
Select(driver.findElement(By.id("")));
List<WebElement> alloption =
sel.getOptions();
for (WebElement webElement :
alloption) {
boolean
check=webElement.isSelected();
if(check==true) {
System.out.println("selected
elements : "+webElement.getText());
}
}
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How
to capture only non-selected value from the dropdown
Select sel = new
Select(driver.findElement(By.id("")));
List<WebElement> alloption =
sel.getOptions();
for (WebElement webElement :
alloption) {
boolean check=webElement.isSelected();
if(check==false) {
System.out.println("selected
elements : "+webElement.getText());
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How
to multiselect value from the dropdown
Select selectElement = new
Select(driver.findElement(By.Id("pr")));
if (selectElement.isMultiple()) {
List<WebElement> options =
selectElement.getOptions();
for (WebElement we : options) {
we.selectByVisibleText(we.getText());
}
} else {
log();
}
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How
to select all the similar value from the dropdown e.g. we have multiSelect
dropdown, like automation testing , manual testing , sql testing , java , we
should all the option which contains “testing” word
There is no built-in way to match a
select option by regex.We'll have to iterate over options and check each of
them:
Select selectElement = new
Select(driver.findElement(By.Id("pr")));
if (selectElement.isMultiple()) {
List<WebElement> options =
selectElement.getOptions();
for (WebElement we : options) {
if(we.getText().contains("testing")){
we.selectByVisibleText(we.getText());
}
}
} else {
}
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How
to work with custom select dropdown/ auto suggest dropDown
We will have to use dynamic xpath to
select from auto suggest drop down
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How
to take mouse over operation on the element
By using action class
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.moveToElement(element).build().perform();
WebElement toolTipElement =
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".ui-tooltip"));
// To get the tool tip text
String toolTipText =
toolTipElement.getText();
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How
to perform keyboard operation
Handling special keyboard and mouse
events are done using the Advanced User Interactions API. It contains the
Actions and the Action classes or by using Robot Class of Java.
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How
to perform “control+c” ?
Difference
between build() & perform()
actions.moveToElement("xpth").perform();
actions.moveToElement("xpth").build().perform();
In above scenario it won’t make
difference using both. The difference occurs at place when we have multiple
actions to be performed like below:
Actions builder = new
Actions(driver);
builder.clickAndHold(element1).clickAndHold(element2).build().perform();
In the above code we are performing
more than one operations so we have to use build() to compile all the actions
into a single step. Thus build () method is used compile all the listed actions
into a single step. We use build () when we are performing sequence of
operations and no need to use build() , if we are performing single action.
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How
to perform drogAndDrop Operation
Using Action class
WebElement From =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*"));
WebElement To = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*"));
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.clickAndHold(From).moveToElement(To).release(To).build().perform();
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How
to perform rightClick operation
We can use built in method
'contextClick' of action class, later this action is followed by pressing
up/down arrow keys and enter key to select desired context menu.
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
WebElement element =
driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"));
action.contextClick(element).sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER).perform();
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How
to work with new Tab, new Browser-window
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL
+"t");
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How
to work with new Tab, new Browser-window with our GetWindowHandles() methods
String winHandleBefore = driver.getWindowHandle();
for(String winHandle :
driver.getWindowHandles()){
driver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
}
// Perform the actions on new window,
Close the new window, if that window no more required
driver.close();
// Switch back to original browser (first
window)
driver.switchTo().window(winHandleBefore);
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How
to handle Alert popup
Alert alert =
driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.accept();
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How
to work Calendar Pop-up
We will create a method in which I
will pass date as an argument, I will be using dynamic xpath which will be used
to navigate through picker.
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How
to work with advertisement popup
An advertisement popup can be an
alert, an ad in iframe or/and an ad in new window.
So if its alert then
driver.switchTo("alert").accept, if its add in iframe then.
driver.switchTo.frame(driver.findElement(By.id("")));
driver.findElement(By.id("")).click();
//Close Ad
driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); // Return
to main window
if add is in a new window then.
String mainWinHandle =
driver.getWindowHandle(); // Get your main window
String subWinHandle = null;
Set<String> allHandle =
driver.getWindowHandles(); // Fetch all handles
Iterator<String> iterator =
allHandle.iterator();
while
(iterator.hasNext()){
subWindowHandler
= iterator.next();
}
driver.switchTo().window(subWindowHandler);
// switch to popup
driver.switchTo().window(parentWindowHandler);
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How
to work with SSL pop-up?
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How
to handle File Upload Pop-up using AutoIT
We need to write script to upload
file so we will use some method of AutoIt.
Each method will have some own
functionality
ControlFocus- This will give focus on the window
ControlSetText-This will set the file
path
ControlClick- This will click on button
Write script using above three
methods and save it in au3 format. Then convert it to exe files using autoit
inbuilt tool. Now write below line in your selenium script .
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("PATH
OF YOUR SCRIPT");
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How
to Handle File Upload Pop-up using ROBOT class
If we are working with AutoIT, sikuli
and all we will have to use some extrafiles, jars etc. (because suppose u are
using autoIT then first u will write steps for uploading file afdter saving it
, it will be in au3 format, then u will have to convert it in exe format and
lastly you will have to call it in your script) but with the use of Robot Class
these things are not there.
Robot robot = new Robot();
driver.findElement(By.id("")).click();
robot.setAutoDelay(2000);
StringSelection selection = new
StringSelection("D:\\Selenium\\Clean.bat");
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard().setContents(selection,null); //this is for setting contents in clip
board
robot.setAutoDelay(1000);
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_V);
robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_V);
robot.setAutoDelay(1000);
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
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How
to Handle Browser Scroll-bar
Using JavaScript executor
JavascriptExecutor js =
(JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,1000)"); //scroll the page by 1000
pixels, the syntax of scrollby method is like executeScript("window.scrollBy(x-pixels,y-pixels)");
//To scroll down the web page by the
visibility of the element.
WebElement ele =
driver.findElement(By.linkText(""));
//This will scroll the page till the
element is found
js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();",
ele);
arguments[0] is a reference to the
arguments you pass in. In this case the index is 0 because you're passing in
the element reference as the 0th argument in the executeScript call the
parameter after the String containing the script
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How
to execute java-script
refer above answer
JavaScriptExecutor is an Interface
that helps to execute JavaScript through Selenium Webdriver.
JavaScriptExecutor provides two
methods "executescript" & "executeAsyncScript"
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How
to work with frame-Window
Int size = driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe")).size();
driver.switchTo().frame(0);
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How
to Work with nested Frame
We will write a method using
recursion, it is going to find out all the frames and then switch into frame by
the name of argument passed.
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How
many ways to work with frame
U can switch to frame by using index,
name, id or WebElement
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How
to work frames, when frame does not have id & @name attribute
We will switch into it by index
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What
is Illegal State Exception
The root cause of java.lang.illegalstateexception
is we have not specified the path of the driver with the system property. Until
you do not specify, driver details Selenium Webdriver will throw java.lang.illegalstateexception.
To solve this just correct the driver path in system property.
NoSuchElementException:- This
exception occurs when WebDriver is unable to identify the elements during run
time. Due to wrong selector or selector, which is, not exist. ElementNotVisibleException:-
Hidden Elements, which has presence in DOM and it, is not visible. Visibility
means the height and width should be greater than zero.
Hidden Elements are defined in HTML
using of type=”hidden”.
Check page source element attribute
is not hidden
NoSuchFrameException:- This Exception
occurs when the driver is switching to an invalid frame, which is not
available.
NoAlertPresentException:- This
Exception occurs when the driver is switching to an invalid Alert, which is not
available.
NoSuchWindowException:- This
Exception occurs when the driver is switching to an invalid Window, which is
not available.
WebDriverException:- This Exception
occurs when the driver is performing the action after immediately closing the
browser.
SessionNotFoundException:- This
Exception occurs when the driver is performing the action after immediately
quitting the browser.
StaleElementReferenceException:- This
Exception occurs because of below two reasons:-
1
-The element has been deleted entirely.
2- The element is no longer attached to the DOM.
To solve this you have to just
refresh and loop over 'cause some times it takes while to attach element to DOM
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What
is framework , Explain types of framework
Data driven , keyword driven, hybrid,
bdd, POM with Pagefactory.
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What
is TestNG, why it is required
Unit testing framework Tool, used for
parallel , grouping , parallel execution , Assertion , HTML Report
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With
OUT TESTNG, what all the challenges you faced
Without TestNG we will have to write
code for everything like reporting, retry failed TCs, parallel execution etc.
which TestNG framework gives us by default
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Why
TestNG, Why not JUNIT
Parallel execution is not possible
with Junit and there are other annotation advantages over Junit like 1.
Additional annotation 2. HTML reporting 3. Grouping 4. Parameterization 5.
Support both java, .net
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What
is Annotation, explain all the annotation with real time EG:
@beforeClass // global config like Launch browser
@AfterClass // close browser
@beforeMethod // login
@AfterMEthod //
logout
@test // actual test script
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What
is the use @beforeTest, @afterTest in testing
@BeforTest will be executed, Before
executing all the <Classes> available with Test-Runner. RealTime usage:
in case of cross browser parallel execution, we do use before test annotation
to set the browser
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What
is the use @beforeSuite, @afterSuite in testing
@BeforeSuite annotated method
represents an event before the suite starts, so all the @BeforeSuite methods
will be executed before the first test declared within the test element is
invoked.
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Explain
the hierarchy of testNG annotation
BeforeSuite, BeforeTest, BeforeClass,
BeforeMethod, Test, AfterMethod, AfterClass, AfterTest, AfterSuite
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What
is batch execution & how to achieve batch execution
Batch execution is the execution of
tests using windows batch file. In order to achive batch execution we need to
have testNG.xml file which contains classes to be executed and we will be invoking this xml using
a bat file. Your testNG.xml will look something like this:
Now to run we just must invoke this xml using bat file.
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What
is grouping execution,& how to achieve group execution ?
use group annotation with tests
like below:
Now create a testNG xml and specify this -Regression- group there
Now run this xml run as testNGtest
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How
to achieve CROSS browser testing using Selenium ?
Pass ‘Browser Type’ as parameters
using TestNG annotations to the before method of the TestNG class. This method
will launch only the browser, which will be provided as parameter.
like @Parameters("browser")
in test case and in testNg xml define parameter like
<parameter
name="browser" value="firefox" />
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How
to disable the testing test scripts
@test(enabled=false)
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How to execute same test with multiple times
We will use annotation like this and
@test(invocationCount=10), in order to parameterize this we will have to use
IAnnotationTransformer listner.
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What
is ASSERTION, & how many assertion you used in real-time selenium
testscripts , explain with real time examples
Assert.assertEquals(“actcomNAme”,
“expComNAme”)
Assert.assertTrute(logoStatus)
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What
is @parameter annotation in testNG , how to send parameter to testNG test
@parameter is used to parameterize
the test. we will call it in test and define it in testNG xml.
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How
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How
to execute same test with multiple data
Using @dataprrovider annotation
When it will be run in console it will run twice and display
testuser_1,Test@123
testuser_2,Test@123
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What
is the @Listner annotation in TestNG
TestNG provide many listeners which
are Java Interfaces. Listeners gives us flexibility to modify default TestNG
behaviours. By using TestNG listeners 'ITestListener' or
'IAnnotationTransformer'
we can change the default behaviour write our
own implementation when a Test fails or Skips,invokes etc.
Let us take example of test case
invoking. Suppose we want to run a particular test case multiple times then we
can use @test(invocationCount=10) annotation before any test.
Now suppose we want to pass this 10
count from outside, then in that case we will have to modify default behavior
of @test annotation.
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Difference
between testNG-Listner & webdriver Listner
Selenium WebDriver Event Listener is
used to perform customized tasks and generate selenium action logs.
Step#1: Create a class with any any like WebEventListener which implements WebdriverEventListener (**and extends any base class where you are creating WebDriver object and setting Browser driver exe's)
Step#2: ** Goto ur base class and create object of EventFiringWebDriver and pass it driver object i.e. EventFiringWebDriver e_driver = new EventFiringWebDriver(driver);
Step#3: Create object of class which u created at Step#1 i.e. WebEventListener eventListner = new WebEventListener();
Step#4: Register EventFiringWebDriver object with object of eventListner
Step#5: Assign EventFiringWebDriver object to driver object
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Step#1: Create a class with any any like WebEventListener which implements WebdriverEventListener (**and extends any base class where you are creating WebDriver object and setting Browser driver exe's)
Step#2: ** Goto ur base class and create object of EventFiringWebDriver and pass it driver object i.e. EventFiringWebDriver e_driver = new EventFiringWebDriver(driver);
Step#3: Create object of class which u created at Step#1 i.e. WebEventListener eventListner = new WebEventListener();
Step#4: Register EventFiringWebDriver object with object of eventListner
Step#5: Assign EventFiringWebDriver object to driver object
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After the batch execution, refresh the folder than automatically we get testing-falied.xml (inside test-output), just run this xml file.
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How
to execute dependent test-Scripts
@Test(dependsOnMethods={"testLogin"})
, here this test will only execute when 'testLogin' test passes else it will
not execute or we can prioritize the test case use annotation 'priority', we
can give priority starting from 0 and the test case with lowest digit will be executed first.
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How
to execute failed test multiple times
We can use IRetryAnalyzer interface.
example
First create class
which implements IRetryAnalyzer interface and then override its retry method
like below
Now tell testNG xml to implement this listener and then run xml as testNG suite
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What
is Maven/ ANT
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How
to configure Jenkines
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How to handle Element is not clickable at point SeleniumWebdriverException ?
1> Use WebDriverWait ExpectedConditions like visiblily of , element is clickable
2> Use javascript executor to scroll element into view then clickable
3> Use actions class , action.movetoelement.click.perform
4> click using javascript executor
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What is @cacheLookup?
@CacheLookup is an annotation when applied over a WebElement instructs Selenium to keep a cache of the WebElement instead of searching
for the WebElement every time from the WebPage. This helps us save a lot of time.
Use it with caution, suppose page got refreshed the cached webelement will get corrupted and you will get stale element exception.
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How will u increase performance of ur scripts ?
We can use @CacheLookup
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How will you use extent report in your project ?
Extent Report is used for the reporting purpose.
Step#1: Put extent report jar at your build path or if u are using build tool like maven then put extent report dependency in maven - pom.xml
Step#2: Create a package in your framework/project and then in that create a class give any name like ExtentReporterNG.java
Step#3: Implement IReporter interface of testNG(make sure you are implementing IReporter of TestNG).
Step#4: Paste extent report methods
Step#5: In testNG.xml , put this class path in listener tag after suite and before test
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How to handle Browser level notification like below:
For chrome we can use chromeoptions class to handle it:
ChromeOptions option = new ChromeOptions();
option.addArguments("--disable-notifications");
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");
For Firefox
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","C:\\Z_Drivers\\geckodriver.exe");
FirefoxOptions option = new FirefoxOptions();
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.setPreference("dom.webnotifications.enabled", false);
option.setProfile(profile);
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(option);
driver.get("https://web-push-book.gauntface.com/demos/notification-examples/");
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What is the difference between POM and PageFactory?
POM is a design pattern to create Object Repository .
Page Factory is an extension to POM design pattern.
Page Object Model is a design pattern to create Object Repository for web UI elements while Page Factory is a way to initialize the web elements you want to interact with within the page object when you create an instance of it.
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Explain below compile time error?
Lets first understand how default constructors are created . If you dont declare a constructor in a class then compiler by default creates a constructor like this:
Class dummy extends dummy2{
dummy(){
super();
}
}
So we get this error because a class which has no constructor, for those classes compiler automatically creates a default argument less constructor.
Since here our parent class test has been given a parameterized constructor and if we do not declare constructor in child class then by default constructor should create default constructor like above but here compiler wont know how to handle arguments in super keyword. Thats why it is asking us to define constructor.
So it can be handled in two ways like below.:
Way 1:
Way2:
Now inorder to trigger this class
from testNG suite we will have to use annotation transformer mechanism, so
inorder to achive that create class which implement listner--IAnnotationTransformer
Now tell testNG xml to implement this listener and then run xml as testNG suite
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When
ever we get build which test-scripts , you will execute first
Using grouping concept , we will
execute smokeTest first
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What
is SVN or GitHub.
Git is a distributed version
controlling system unlike svn which is central version controlling system.
In SVN we have a centralized
repository from which we take update or check in our changes. But suppose if we
do not have internet connectivity then we wont be able to commit our changes.
But in case of git everyone has their
own repository which they can merge with the centralized repository.
But along with benefits git comes
with added complexity like git clone vs git checkout, git commit vs git push
fyi: clone is for fetching
repositories you don't have, checkout is for switching between branches in a
repository you already have.pull is a fetch plus merge.
commit: adding changes to the local
repository,push: to transfer the last commit(s) to a remote server
fyi: some of the git coomands are git
init,git add .,git status,git commit,git commit -m 'changes' etc.
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What
is the Role of SVN/Github in Automation
SVN/Github plays a very pivotal role
in automation. Suppose there is a team and each member will be having different
task to perform to automate a system. Now there must be a single synchronized repository
where everyone puts there changes and update code from there, so that all can
be on same page. Also, this centralized repository link we can pass it to any
CI/CD tool and configure it in such a way that it can run daily nightly , when
changes are made to repository and so on.
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What
store & get File from SVN
take svn checkout.
fyi: checkout creates a working copy,
whereas update brings down changes to an existing working copy.
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What
is the advantages of SVN
It’s easy to use, there will be backup of
your code and people can sit remotely and work.
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Both Ant and Maven are build tool
provided by Apache. The main purpose of these tools is to ease the build
process of a project.
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What
is Role of Maven Framework
Selenium WebDriver is great for
browser automation. But, when using it for testing and building a test framework,
it feels underpowered. Integrating Maven with Selenium provides following
benefits
·
Maven is used to define project
structure, dependencies, build, and test management.
·
Using pom.xml(Maven) you can
configure dependencies needed for building testing and running code.
·
Maven automatically downloads the
necessary files from the repository while building the project.
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What
is dependencies , how to handle dependencies in framework
Dependencies are jars which are
required by the build (it can be build of any build tool like maven, ant, gradle
etc.) process. These dependencies are mentioned with version in build.gradle or
pom.xml of maven so that when our build is put on new system all the required
jars automatically download and set themselves up to process the build rather than manually setting up environment on every VM.
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What
of Project Object Model [POM .xml]
POM.xml is a fundamental unit of work
in Maven. It is an XML file that contains information about the project and
configuration details used by Maven to build the project.
If all the details are mentioned
correctly in pom.xml, you can build your entire project from pom.xml.
You must just import it in eclipse
and maven will download your source code, download all dependency jars like
spring, apache etc., run the test cases, and display the result.
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Explain
the maven Plugin you used in your
framework
Not used in my project but there are
core plugins like clean etc., then there are reporting plugins which generate
reports based on unit test results etc.
[In gradle project the groovy plugin
was used.
gradle --clean --continue
sanityWindows]
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How
to Execute TEstNG.xml in Maven POM.xml
--- Maven-surefire-plugin:
Surefire-plugin is responsible for running tests that are placed in test source
directory /src/test/java.
put below lines in pom.xml
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What
is Jenkins
Jenkins is a CI tool. Basically
Continuous Integration is the practice of running your tests on a non-developer
machine automatically every time someone pushes new code into the source
repository.
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What
is the Role of Jenkins in Framework
We can configure it and schedule jobs
to run at specific time or when someone pushes new code in non-developer
environment.
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What
is the Advantages of Jenkins
·
It is open source tool
·
It is simple to use
·
Huge plugin repository
·
Huge community to help you in case of
issues
·
Build in java hence portable on all
major platforms etc.
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·
Download and install jenkins once
done goto http://localhost:8080
·
Click on new item and select project
type like maven project
·
Click manage jenkins and then click
on configure system
·
Goto build section and give pom.xml
path in case of maven
·
Click Apply and build now
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Difference
between xpath & css-selector
The only advantage that css selector
have is it is a little faster than xpath but it has many disadvantages too like
older browsers do not support all css features, backward and forward travesing
in css selector is not possible like the way we can do in xpath
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How
to execute Java-scripts in Selenium, or how to work with browser scroll bar
JavaScriptExecutor is an Interface
that helps to execute JavaScript through Selenium Webdriver. JavaScriptExecutor
provides two methods "executescript" & "executeAsyncScript".
The main difference between those are
that scripts executed with async must explicitly signal they are finished, by
invoking the provided callback. This callback is always injected into the
executed function as the last argument. ex.
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How
to handle SSL popup in IE
SSL is used to keep sensitive information
which is sent across the Internet encrypted so that only the intended recipient
understand it.So some times you must have seen browser saying
like do u trust this site, when u
click on yes then you are able to see the site.
So handling SSL in chrome/firefox is
easy like..
DesiredCapabilities capability = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
capability.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_SSL_CERTS,
true);
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"E:/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new
ChromeDriver(capability);
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.setAcceptUntrustedCertificates(true);
profile.setAssumeUntrustedCertificateIssuer(false);
driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile);
In IE u will have to handle ssl using
javascript
driver.get("javascript:document.getElementById('overridelink').click();");
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What
is use Selenium-Grid
Grid is used to perform parallel
testing on different browsers using cluster of machines
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What
is the Use DesiredCapabalites in SELENIUM
Desired capabilities is a class which
provides information to webdriver about the environment on which we need to run
our scripts.
It is mainly used when the script
execution needs to be done using selenium grid or on cloud plateforms.
In this we pass information in the
form of key-value pairs. example.
DesiredCapabilities
dc = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
dc.setcapability("version","5");
dc.setcapability("plateform","xp");
WebDriver
driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(""),dc);
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Non-automatable
test case in your Project
·
TestCases which needs to be run only
once
·
TestCases in which human interaction
and user experience is required
·
TestCases involving aesthetics to be
seen and usability
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1> Use WebDriverWait ExpectedConditions like visiblily of , element is clickable
2> Use javascript executor to scroll element into view then clickable
3> Use actions class , action.movetoelement.click.perform
4> click using javascript executor
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@CacheLookup is an annotation when applied over a WebElement instructs Selenium to keep a cache of the WebElement instead of searching
for the WebElement every time from the WebPage. This helps us save a lot of time.
Use it with caution, suppose page got refreshed the cached webelement will get corrupted and you will get stale element exception.
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We can use @CacheLookup
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Extent Report is used for the reporting purpose.
Step#1: Put extent report jar at your build path or if u are using build tool like maven then put extent report dependency in maven - pom.xml
Step#2: Create a package in your framework/project and then in that create a class give any name like ExtentReporterNG.java
Step#3: Implement IReporter interface of testNG(make sure you are implementing IReporter of TestNG).
Step#4: Paste extent report methods
Step#5: In testNG.xml , put this class path in listener tag after suite and before test
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For chrome we can use chromeoptions class to handle it:
ChromeOptions option = new ChromeOptions();
option.addArguments("--disable-notifications");
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");
For Firefox
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","C:\\Z_Drivers\\geckodriver.exe");
FirefoxOptions option = new FirefoxOptions();
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.setPreference("dom.webnotifications.enabled", false);
option.setProfile(profile);
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(option);
driver.get("https://web-push-book.gauntface.com/demos/notification-examples/");
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POM is a design pattern to create Object Repository .
Page Factory is an extension to POM design pattern.
Page Object Model is a design pattern to create Object Repository for web UI elements while Page Factory is a way to initialize the web elements you want to interact with within the page object when you create an instance of it.
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Explain below compile time error?
Lets first understand how default constructors are created . If you dont declare a constructor in a class then compiler by default creates a constructor like this:
Class dummy extends dummy2{
dummy(){
super();
}
}
So we get this error because a class which has no constructor, for those classes compiler automatically creates a default argument less constructor.
Since here our parent class test has been given a parameterized constructor and if we do not declare constructor in child class then by default constructor should create default constructor like above but here compiler wont know how to handle arguments in super keyword. Thats why it is asking us to define constructor.
So it can be handled in two ways like below.:
Way 1:
Way2:
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